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mrna degradation machinery in plants

Biologists characterize new form of mRNA regulation

Biologists used material from both humans and plants to examine chemical modifications to messenger RNA, or mRNA, finding that the modifications appear to play a significant role in the process by ...

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Dynabeads® mRNA DIRECT™ Kit | Thermo Fisher Scientific - US

A rapid lysis in the Lysis/Binding Buffer is critical for preventing mRNA degradation. A DNA-shear step is advised for samples containing over 500,000 cells. Force the lysate 3-5 times through 21 gauge needle using a 1-2 ml syringe to shear the DNA. The reduction in viscosity should be noticeable.

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mRNA degradation. A tale of poly(A) and multiprotein machines

Jan 9, 2021mRNA degradation. A tale of poly(A) and multiprotein machines The Escherichia coli RNA degradosome is a multiprotein complex containing an endoribonuclease, polynucleotide phosphorylase and a DEAD-box RNA helicase. A related complex has been described in the spinach chloroplast.

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Suppression of Rna Degradation by Plant Pararetrovirus: Hijacking of ...

During pathogenesis, viruses hijack the host cellular machinery to access the molecules and sub-cellular structures required for... Przeczytaj najnowsze wiadomości oraz informacje na temat projektów związanych z przeciwdziałaniem COVID-19 i walki Komisji Europejskiej z koronawirusem.

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Unique Aspects of Plant Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay.

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic quality-control mechanism that governs the stability of both aberrant and normal transcripts. Although plant and mammalian NMD share great similarity, they differ in certain mechanistic and regulatory aspects.

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The Plant Journal Plant stress granules and mRNA processing bodies are ...

We identified PBs and SGs in plant cells by detection of DCP1, DCP2 and XRN4, as marker proteins for the 5¢fi3¢ mRNA degradation pathway, and eIF4E, as well as the RNA binding proteins RBP47 and UBP1, as marker proteins for stored mRNPs in SGs. Cycloheximide-inhibited translation, stress treatments and mutants defective in mRNP homeostasis were

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Of mrna degradation mrna that will produce promotes - Course Hero

of mRNA degradation mRNA that will produce promotes processing a certain 0 to from BIOL 3332 at University of Houston

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Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation from Common ... - Hindawi

The ARE-mediated mRNA decay (AMD) regulates the concentration of a class of mRNAs that contains AU-rich sequences within their 3′UTRs. ARE-binding proteins (ABPs) recruit the cytoplasmic mRNA degradation machinery to the target mRNAs leading to their 3′-to-5′ degradation [124, 125].

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RNA biology takes root in plant systems - Yu - 2022 - Plant Direct ...

A major pathway in plants known as the cytoplasmic mRNA decay pathway consists of mRNA deadenylation followed by either 5′ to 3′ degradation via the decapping enzyme VARICOSE ... This was attributed to the transcript becoming more accessible to the degradation machinery as it unfolded. Conversely, those RNAs that demonstrated concordant ...

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Arabidopsis mRNA polyadenylation machinery: comprehensive analysis of ...

In plants, three different classes of cis -elements are involved in mRNA 3' end formation. One of these (the "near-upstream element," or NUE) is situated between 10 and 40 nts upstream from its associated poly (A) site. The NUE is an A-rich element that may be between 6 and 10 nts in length.

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Mutants of Arabidopsis Defective in a Sequence-Specific mRNA ... - JSTOR

selection approach in transgenic plants that facilitated the isolation of mutants of Arabidopsis with defects in DST-mediated mRNA degradation. The properties of these mutants indicate that they will provide powerful tools for analysis of the mechanism of DST-mediated mRNA degradation and that similar transgene-based selections should be ...

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7 Types of RNA with Structure and Functions - Microbe Notes

Aug 14, 20221. Messenger RNA (mRNA): Structure and Functions. It is synthesized in the cell nucleus and then transported out of the cell to facilitate protein synthesis and code sequencing on proteins. The mRNA is translated into polypeptides. It comes in a wide range of sizes which reflects the polypeptide size it encodes.

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mRNA decay activity in neurons regulates survival of worms at high ...

In our study we used mutant animals that have lost the ability to remove the cap structure at the 5'-end of mRNA molecules, which protects them from degradation, rendering the main mRNA decay pathway ineffective. At favorable temperatures these decapping mutants are viable and grow to maturity, albeit slower than wild type.

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mRNA Transcript abundance during plant growth and the influence of Li+ ...

Lithium (Li) toxicity in plants is, at a minimum, a function of Li + concentration, exposure time, species and growth conditions. Most plant studies with Li + focus on short-term acute exposures. This study examines short- and long-term effects of Li + exposure in Arabidopsis with Li + uptake studies and measured shoot mRNA transcript abundance levels in treated and control plants.

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Viral Nucleases Induce an mRNA Degradation-Transcription ... - %LABSITE

rely on the cellular mRNA decay machinery to degrade the cleaved mRNA fragments. For the alpha- and gamma-herpesvi-ruses and SCoV, clearance of cleaved mRNAs requires Xrn1 (Covarrubias et al., 2011; Gaglia et al., 2012). Here, by comparing the effects of gamma-herpesviruses that contain wild-type or inactivated mRNA-targeting nucleases, we

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Polyadenylation and Degradation of mRNA in the Chloroplast - JSTOR

5'-UTR of the mRNA includes a determinant for psbD mRNA degradation. Instability of the psbD mRNA in the mutant correlates with a 47-kD protein binding to the psbD leader that is present in wild-type C. reinhardtii chloroplasts but not in nac2-26 cells, making this protein a candidate for a gene-specific, nuclear-encoded, trans-acting factor that

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mRNA degradation: a tale of poly(A) and multiprotein machines

In E. coli, the degradation of mRNA is mediated by the combined action of endo- and exo-ribonucleases 1, 3 . Two enzymes, ribonuclease II (RNase II) and polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase), degrade RNA in a 3′-5′ pathway. Enzymes related to RNase II and PNPase are widespread both in the eubacteria and in the eukaryotes 4

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Mechanism of Cytoplasmic mRNA Translation - BioOne Complete

The 5′-cap provides protection for the mRNA until it is removed by the decapping machinery and subsequent degradation occurs in a 5′ to 3′ manner (Jiao et al., 2008). As will be discussed, the cap structure also plays a definitive role in the selection of an mRNA for translation. ... miRNA processing and export of mRNA in plants ...

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Enzymatic Assays to Explore Viral mRNA Capping Machinery

Jul 22, 2021The viral protein Gag (similar to GTase of canonical capping pathway) removes the m 7 GMP molecule from the 5′ end of the host mRNA, forming an intermediate covalent product, histydyl-m 7 GMP (Gag-m 7 GMP). Then, m 7 GMP was co-transcriptionally transferred to viral RNA 5′-diphosphate (Figure 2 E). 56

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Plant mRNA decay: extended roles and potential determinants

In plants, mRNA decay occurs through two conserved mechanisms: 5′-3′ RNA degradation by exoribonuclease (XRN) proteins, which include nuclear XRN2, XRN3 and cytoplasmic XRN4, and 3′-5′ RNA degradation by multi-subunit exonuclease exosomes and auxiliary factors [ 1, 2 ].

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Intro to RNA Biology: Cartoon Edition | Whitehead Institute

Transfer RNA — Helps to translate mRNA into protein. Each one carries one protein building block that pairs to a sequence in the mRNA being translated. Ribosomal RNA — Combines with certain proteins to form molecular machines called ribosomes, which translate mRNA. Double stranded RNA — Makes up viral genomes.

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Proteins involved in the degradation of cytoplasmic mRNA in the major ...

Plants The main mRNA degradation pathways are also proposed to exist in plants, as most of the enzymes can be found in genomes of various plant species.31 Genes encoding deadenylating enzymes are often present in many copies. The Arabidopsis thali-ana genome encodes 11 paralogs of Caf1; 16 can be found in rice

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mRNA vaccines manufacturing: Challenges and bottlenecks - PMC

Apr 1, 2021Self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) is based on the addition of a viral replicase gene to enable the mRNA to self-replicate. Usually, sequences of single-stranded RNA viruses, such as alphaviruses, flaviviruses, and picornaviruses, are used [35]. Upon cytoplasm delivery, this type of mRNA produces high levels of the antigen of interest.

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A Ribonucleoprotein Complex Protects the Interleukin-6 mRNA from ... - PLOS

Author Summary During replication of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the vast majority of mRNAs in the cytoplasm are cleaved and degraded by the viral nuclease SOX. However, some mRNAs escape this fate, including the transcript encoding the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-6. Here, we discover that this escape is mediated by a group of proteins that associates with a sequence ...

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Transposable elements, mRNA expression level and ... - BMC Plant Biology

Background Gene expression inheritance patterns in Arabidopsis hybrid plants were investigated for correlation with the presence of transposable elements (TEs) and small RNA profile. Results The presence of TEs in a gene and the expression of small RNA matching a gene were both found to be associated with non-additive mRNA inheritance patterns in hybrids. Expression levels below mid-parent ...

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What helps to stabilize mRNA by inhibiting its degradation ... - Answers

The 5 cap function helps to prevent mRNA degradation. It is a specially altered nucleotide on the 5 end of the precursor messenger RNA and other RNA transcripts existing in nucleotides. The ...

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Changes in mRNA abundance drive shuttling of RNA binding ... - eLife

This revealed a set of mammalian RBPs that preferentially move from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during accelerated mRNA decay, as well as components of the 5'−3' decay machinery and other RBPs whose subcellular distribution is altered in cells lacking Xrn1.

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RNA Quality Control as a Key to Suppressing RNA Silencing of Endogenous ...

Impairing RNA processing or RNA decay, such as mRNA 3′ end formation, splicing, deadenylation, decapping, 5′-3′ or 3′-5′ exonucleolytic degradation, can generate aberrant RNAs that are channeled into RNA silencing through the activities of RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6 (RDR6), DICER-LIKE 4 (DCL4) or DCL2,) and ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1).

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The Arabidopsis thaliana mRNA decay factor PAT1 functions in osmotic ...

Oct 30, 2020Eukaryotic mRNAs are stabilized by their 5′ 7-methylguanosine triphosphate cap (m7G) and the 3′ poly- (A) tail. mRNA decay is initiated by deadenylation, followed by degradation via either 3′-5′ exosomal exonucleases and SUPPRESSOR OF VCS (SOV)/DIS3L2 or by the 5′-3′ exoribonuclease activity of the decapping complex [ [ 3, 4] ].

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Feedback to the central dogma: cytoplasmic mRNA decay and transcription ...

We begin with a brief overview of the mRNA lifecycle and then summarize the evidence supporting mRNA abundance feedback signaling, focusing on several out-standing questions in the field. These include whether the pathway that links mRNA degradation and tran-scription is conserved and similarly regulated in yeast

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Viral Nucleases Induce an mRNA Degradation-Transcription ... - %LABSITE

Cellular Transcriptional Changes Occur throughout the mRNA Transcriptome To determine the extent of transcriptional alterations that occur in response to accelerated cytoplasmic degradation, we sequenced libraries of 4sU-labeled RNA from mock-, WT-, or DHSMHV68-infectedNIH3T3cellsontheIlluminaplatform(Fig- ure 4A).

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PNPase activity determines the efficiency of mRNA 3′‐end processing ...

Carpousis AJ, Vanzo NF and Raynal LC (1999) mRNA degradation. A tale of poly(A) and multiprotein machines. Trends Genet, 15, 24 - 28. Crossref CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar; Coburn GA and Mackie GA (1999) Degradation of mRNA in Escherichia coli: an old problem with some new twists. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol, 62, 55 - 108.

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Genome‐scale molecular principles of mRNA half‐life regulation in yeast ...

Dec 15, 2020The eukaryotic mRNA degradation scenario is very similar to that of protein degradation in the sense that the latter involves only one barrel-shaped machinery, proteasome, that can engage with its substrate either from terminus or from the middle [[3, 26, 27]].

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mRNA decapping machinery targets LBD3/ASL9 transcripts to allow ...

73 disturbance of the decay machinery indicate the importance of mRNA decapping and decay machinery 74 during plant development. However, while much has been learned about how mRNA decapping regulates 75 plant stress responses (Perea-Resa et al., 2016; Yu et al., 2019; Zuo et al., 2021), far less is known about

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Regulation of mRNA stability by proteins that bind AU-rich elements ...

Jan 25, 2021Description RNA elements rich in adenine and uracil residues (AU-rich elements) bind specific proteins which either target the RNA for degradation or, more rarely, stabilize the RNA. The activity of the AU-element binding proteins is regulated, usually by phosphorylation but also by subcellular localization. View original pathway at Reactome.

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Three-layered control of mRNA tails -- ScienceDaily

Aug 13, 2021In eukaryotic organisms, including humans, plants and fungi, the 'back end' of the mRNA molecule almost invariably carries a tag of repeated units of adenosines, or As, one of the four alphabets ...

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Frontiers | Arabidopsis Seed Stored mRNAs are Degraded Constantly over ...

How plant seeds age remains poorly understood and effective tools for monitoring seed aging are lacking. Dry seeds contain various stored mRNAs which are believed to be required for protein synthesis during early stages of seed germination. We reasoned that seed stored mRNAs would undergo degradation during seed aging, based on the propensity of mRNAs to degrade.

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Mutants of Arabidopsis Defective in a Sequence-Specific mRNA ... - JSTOR

mRNA decay machinery. Strategies to isolate mutants in sequence- specific mRNA decay pathways, although extremely limited so far, have the potential to be just as powerful. In the study reported here, a selection in transgenic plants allowed the isolation of rare mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana that elevate the abundance of

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Ectopic 5' splice sites inhibit gene expression by engaging RNA ...

Altered pre-mRNA processing was associated with an inhibition of homologous gene expression in trans and the preferential accumulation of 24-nucleotide (nt) short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as opposed to 21-nt siRNA subspecies, suggesting that degradation of the aberrant pre-mRNA involves the silencing machinery.

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Coupling epigenetics and RNA polyadenylation: missing links

Thus, identifying plant-specific poly(A) signals and/or other alternative pathways for coordinating the polyadenylation machinery is valuable for understanding mRNA 3′-end processing in plants. These subjects have potential for providing efficient targets for genomic editing or biotechnology to improve plant resistance and crop yields [

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