compaction factor for stone aggregate

Compacting Road Base | Lawn Care Forum

Ideally 5-7% moisture is about optimum for compaction. If the material is real dry like it appears in the photo you might not get the tight compaction your looking for. base has been a lot wetter after the rains. That pic was a job that was REAL dry. If I have to, I'll wet the road and let it sit overnight but I don't think it will be an issue.

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How to Calculate the Soil Compaction Factor | Hunker

Maximum compaction occurs when there is no water in the soil so this helps understand how the existing water is affecting the compaction efforts. Step 4 Dig a small hole into the soil, approximately 6 inches by 6 inches, and remove the soil for the and cone test as the proctor test is being done at the lab. Step 5

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Table 3602/1 CRUSHED STONE BASE AND SUBBASE: MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

COMPACTION Minimum of 88% of apparent Minimum of 85% of 98% or 100% of modified REQUIREMENTS relative density. bulk relative density. AASHTO density (as specified) TABLE 3402/1 REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPES G4 TO G6 MATERIALS PROPERTY Natural gravel, or natural gravel Natural gravel, or Natural gravel, or natural gravel

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Soil Compaction: Methods, Meaning, and Effects - Mintek Resources

Soil compaction is the practice of applying mechanical compactive effort to densify a soil by reducing the void space between soil particles. Compaction occurs when particles are pressed together to reduce the space between them. Highly compacted soils contain very few spaces resulting in soil with higher unit weight.

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Soil Compaction Handbook - Multiquip

Jan 12, 2022A soil's makeup determines the best compaction method to use. There are three basic soil groups: Cohesive Granular Organic (this soil is not suitable for compaction and will not be discussed here) Cohesive soils Sieve Test Cohesive soils have the smallest particles. Clay has a particle size range of .00004″ to .002″.

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Swell and Shrinkage List - Calculators

Shrinkage = volume after compaction/volume before excavation. Both the loose and compacted volume are calculated from the bank volume. Example: If you are excavating dry clay it is listed as having a swell of 50% and a shrinkage of -10%. That means that for every 1 cubic metre/yard of material that you excavate the volume increases by 50%.

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10 Aggregate Bases - Indiana

COMPACTING Aggregates are required to be compacted to a minimum of 100 % of the maximum dry densities in accordance with AASHTO T 99. Compaction equipment is required to be in accordance with Section 409.03(d). Density of the compacted aggregate is determined in accordance with Section 203.24(b). The aggregate is required to meet the compaction

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Suggested Compaction Standards for Crushed Aggregate Materials Based on ...

Curve 1 represents the best first degree equation (straight line) that could be drawn through the 102 points from the six crushed aggregate materials. Curves 2 and 3 represent the best second and third degree equations that could be drawn through the 108 points representing all the data.

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Stone The ABCs of Mastic Asphalt (SMA)

Placement and compaction procedures involve all operations from transporting the mixture to the construction site, placing it on the roadway, to compacting the mixture. Conventional asphalt paving equipment is used and a light tack coat is normally applied. Compaction is usually carried out by 4 to 6 passes of a steel drum roller.

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How much compaction should I get from crushed rock?

If you do it in layers, it will be clear how much you need to lay down to get your desired depth. I looked at the gravel you are using. I would suspect you might see 1/2 to 3/4 inch of compaction, especially if you just laid it down. All you can do is start compaction, see what it looks like and add or rake off a bit to meet you needs.

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Bulking/Swell Factors for Various Excavated/Mined Materials

The same excavation in feet: Excavated area is 200 feet long 20 feet wide and 2 feet deep with a listed swell of 40% for the material. Bank volume = 200 * 20 * 2 = 8000 ft³. Convert 8000 ft³ to yd³ = 8000/27 = 296 yd³. Loose volume = 296 * 1.4 = 414 yd³. (Calculations are based on the material being of similar consistency.

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Notes to the specification for basecourse aggregate TNZ M/4

Where an AP40 aggregate has a much higher than minimum crushing resistance, the standard grading, which includes provision for some gradation change during compaction, may accept materials that appear deficient in fines during construction. In such a case it is proper to vary the specified grading by adding an amending clause to

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Soil compaction | UMN Extension - University of Minnesota

What is compaction? Soil compaction occurs when soil particles are pressed together, reducing pore space between them (Figure 1). Heavily compacted soils contain few large pores, less total pore volume and, consequently, a greater density. A compacted soil has a reduced rate of both water infiltration and drainage. This happens because large pores more effectively move water downward through ...

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Density Standards for Field Compaction of Granular Bases and Subbases

Compactor Procedure. The aggregates tested were a granite-gneiss, a crushed gravel, a dolomitic limestone, and a basalt. A prototype field compaction 'testing program was conducted using the same four aggregates. The materials were compacted under simulated field conditions over two different subgrades in test pits located at Clemson University.

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Graniterock: Technical Reports

Compaction of Subgrades and Aggregate Base Courses Construction compaction is the process by which the weight-per-unit volume of soils and aggregates is increased by the use of applied force. This weight-per-unit volume, or density, is measured and compared to a laboratory-determined maximum density of the same material.

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Expanded Shale Clay and Slate Lightweight Aggregate ... - Ncdot

¾ inch Lightweight Aggregate • 50 to 60 pcf in-place density • Internal angle of friction (φ) above 40° • Soundness loss less than 1% • LA Abrasion 25 to 31% • Chlorides, sulfates, pH and resistivity meet FHWA MSE wall requirements • Free draining 7 Physical Properties of LWA Soundness Test Results for ¾"Gradations • Average all sources

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Frequently Asked Questions - GeoStructures

Stone is then placed through the center of the mandrel and compacted using a chain system inside the lower end of the mandrel. The mandrel is raised 3 ft to allow stone to flow out into the pier. The mandrel is then lowered 2 ft to compact the stone - creating a 1 ft compacted stone lift.

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Fine-tuning Amplitude Selection during Compaction

Select medium or high amplitude when compacting large stone mixes. Mixes with nominal aggregate size 13 mm (1/2") or smaller are classed as fine or tender mixes. The amplitude setting should be ...

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Spike's Compaction Factor Calculator

32000/27 = 1185 cubic yards Assume you are using dry gravel with a swell percentage of 15% and a shrink percentage of -7% Plug those values into the calculator and it will tell you that the compaction factor = 1.237. Multiply the 1185 cubic yards by 1.237 1185 * 1.237 = 1465.9

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Bulk Aggregates Order Quantity Calculator | Aggregates Direct

You will need: 24.93 bulk bags of this aggregate type. You will need: 935.00 mini bags of this aggregate type. The exact conversion depends on a number of factors beyond our control, for example moisture, method & degree of compaction, type of sub-base etc.

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Crushed Concrete & Concrete Aggregate 101 - Superior Groundcover

21AA CRUSHED CONCRETE. 21AA Crushed Concrete is great for drainage which makes it the right solution in wet areas. It's often used as a surface for driveways or parking lots. 21AA Natural. 21AA Natural is a looser material that works for gravel roads or as a base layer underneath asphalt pavement. 22A Crushed Concrete.

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The Myth of Self-compacting Aggregates | ICPI

10. Following Rule 8, open-graded aggregates generally will require more energy (larger compactors) to achieve optimal compaction compared to dense-graded aggregates. 11. The "as-placed" compaction of open-graded aggregates varies depending many factors including drop height, volume of material, moisture content and particle shape.

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Our Aggregates Calculator helps you work out how much aggregate you need.

Aggregates Calculator If you are unsure how much aggregate you need, use our calculator below. Select your aggregate type, then enter your measurements and the calculator will give you an approximation of how much material you will need.* Contact one of our team on 0203 696 8130 to discuss your requirements in more detail.

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2A Modified Stone | 2A Gravel Stone Size | Union Quarries

2A modified stone or gravel has a top rock size of 1.5 to 2 inches and is ideal for projects where compaction & stability are essential. Get yours today! Call us at (717) 249-5012. Home; Products. Types of Products; Aggregate. ... Crushed stone is a construction aggregate, similar in appearance to gravel. ...

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Sand Compaction Pile - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The constrained column-to-soil modular ratio varies in the range of 10-50, although the lateral expansion of the column (bulging) reduces the parameter n s significantly, sometimes as low as 5, due to plastic strains (Castro and Sagaseta, 2009). Mitchell (1981) reported the range of the value of n s as 2-6 based on field studies, while Han and Ye (2002) pointed out the typical value of n s ...

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(PDF) Aggregate Degradation Characteristics of Stone ... - ResearchGate

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) mixtures are designed to have a high coarse aggregate content and stone- on - stone contact, which results in more str ess on the coarse aggregates during compaction and...

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Crushing Characteristics of Coarse Aggregates for Asphalt Mixtures ...

Aug 25, 2022Cai and Qiu investigated the compaction performance and particle breakage characteristics of crushed stone as the aggregate of permeable roads. It was found that particle crushing commonly fell into four categories, including complete crushing, complete rupture, partial damage and surface grinding.

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ITEM 411 STABILIZED CRUSHED AGGREGATE - Pages

411.01 Description. This work consists of placing a compacted course or courses of crushed aggregate. 411.02 Materials. Furnish materials conforming to 703.18. 411.03 Construction Methods. Construct the subgrade according to Item 204. Use the spreading and compaction requirements of Item 304, except as modified by the following:

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(PDF) Aggregate Degradation Characteristics of Stone ... - ResearchGate

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) mixtures are designed to have a high coarse aggregate content and stone- on -. stone contact, which results in more str ess on the coarse aggregates during compaction ...

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Self-Compacting 3/4" stone - JLC-Online Forums

Re: Self-Compacting 3/4" stone The more uniform a product is, the less it will need to be compacted. If you have pure coarse sand even, it is at 100% compaction if you don't touch it. You still have to worry about above ground and subsurface "erosion" or slope stability if you are on a slope and there are shallow ground water acquifers.

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Physical and Compaction Properties of Granular Materials with ... - Hindawi

Granular materials in geotechnical engineering is generally considered to be mixtures of clay, sand, and gravel that commonly appear in slopes, valleys, or river beds, and they are especially used for the construction of earth-rock-filled dams. The complexity of the constitution of granular materials leads to the complexity of their properties. Particle size distribution (PSD) has a great ...

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Aggregate Calculator | Stone Calculator - Quarrystore

Aggregate Calculator The exact conversion depends on a number of factors beyond our control, for example moisture, method free of compaction, type of sub-base etc. We cannot be held contractually responsible for any surplus or shortfall found on site. How much do I need? Product Type Depth Calculate Reset Add 10% for waste

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Inaccurate Bulking and Compaction Factors | LoadScan®

Typical bulking & compaction factor chart Bulking and compaction factor charts are only generic estimates and potentially have a high error rate. How factor conversion can impact volumes ⇒ 1m³ dry soil (banked) @1.25 bulking factor ⇒ swells up to 1.25m³ (loose) @0.9 compaction factor ⇒ becomes 0.9m³ (compacted)

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9 Important civil Concrete Test, Types of Concrete tests with Procedure

Concrete consists of hard inorganic materials called aggregate such as gravel, sand, crushed stone, slag, etc. Basically, it is a mixture of aggregate and cement- water paste role to bind the aggregate to form a strong rock-like mass after hardening as a chemical reaction between cement and sand. ... Compaction factor = W1/W2. Water ...

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Two Common Compaction Mistakes, and How to Avoid Them

Most compactors come with a compaction rating. A common trick used in the industry is, take the max compaction depth rating (example, 24 inches) and divide it by 3 (24/3=8). If this number ends up being larger than the layer of soil being placed (say, 4 inches), you run the risk of over compacting.

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Hot Mix Asphalt Testing Technician - University of Arkansas

A Job Correction Factor of + 1.5 pcf has been established on an A. R. DOT project for a nuclear density gauge. The best available maximum theoretical specific gravity of the mixture is 2.428. Calculate the % compaction for a test location if the wet density reading is 142.6 pcf. 29. A Job Correction Factor of - 1.2 pcf has been established for ...

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9 Important civil Concrete Test, Types of Concrete tests with Procedure

The interval of time taken for the concrete to spread out fully is noted. Compaction factor test - Compaction of concrete is the process of removal of air bubbles, which are entrapped in the concrete, to gives maximum density to the concrete. This test is developed to estimate the workability of concrete. There is a three-vessel in this instrument.

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Compaction Factors - Earthwork/grading engineering - Eng-Tips

For example, if you had 10,000Cy of compacted fill, how many bank Cys will it take if you use a 15% compaction factor? 10,000CY x 15% = 11,500 CY or 10,000CY / .85 = 11,764.71 CY firebird16 (Geotechnical) 10 Jul 03 14:24 Big Rick, When earth is excavated from bank conditions or in-situ it swells, and is now in a loose condition.

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Effects of Aggregate Size, Shape, and Surface Texture on the Properties ...

The summary of results includes the fol- lowing: As the percentage of crushed gravel in the coarse aggregate fraction increased, strength varied with grading, becoming less as the grading became more dense; i.e., the increases were most important for strength in one-size mixtures and of little im- portance in dense-graded mixtures.

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Section 02235 Crushed Stone and Dense Graded Aggregate (Dga) Part 1 General

Minimum dry density for compacted limestone DGA shall be 139 pounds per cubic foot when S.G. of limestone is 2.65. Construction requirements shall be in accordance with Section 303 of Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Department of Highways, Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction. 2.

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